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39095857-dc9c-4356-a744-69934e278f24 < Back Slide 34 of 83 < > Larger white pines usually survive because only their tops or individual branches are killed before the tree can stop the disease or someone cuts off the infected branch.

April 26, 2019 Be bear aware this spring REGIONAL —The Department of Natural Resources is reminding homeowners to be aware of bears this spring and check their property for food sources that could attract bears. "Bears are roaming around now with the loss of snow and warmer weather, so interactions with people have started in many areas of Minnesota,*' said Eric Nelson, wildlife damage program supervisor for the DNR. As bears emerge from hibernation, their metabolism gradually ramps up and they will begin looking for food at a time when berries and green vegetation can be scarce. Remove attractants such as bird seed, garbage, livestock feed, or compost to reduce potential conflict. Attracting bears to yards can lead to property damage and presents dangers to bears. Black bears are the only bear species that live in the wild in Minnesota. They usually are shy and flee when encountered. Never approach or try to pet a bear. Injury to people is rare, but bears are potentially dangerous because of their size, strength and speed. The DNR does not relocate problem bears. Relocated bears seldom remain where they are released. They may return to where they were caught or become a problem somewhere else. The DNR offers some tips for avoiding bear conflicts: Around the yard • Do not feed birds from April 1 to Nov. 15. Anytime you feed birds, you risk attracting bears. If choose to feed birds anyway, hang birdfeeders 10 feet up and 4 feet out from the nearest trees. Use a rope and pulley system to refill birdfeeders, and clean up spilled seeds. • Do not put out feed for wildlife (like corn, oats, pellets or molasses blocks). • Limit compost piles to grass, leaves and garden clippings, and turn piles regularly. Do not add food scraps. • Store pet food inside and feed pets inside. If pets must be fed outdoors, feed them only as much as they will eat. Garbage • Store garbage in bear-resistant garbage cans or dumpsters. Rubber or plastic garbage cans are not bear-proof. • Keep garbage inside a secure building until the morning of pickup.

d3ccc03b-ebcd-4c32-993d-7d2cf09eb3c1 BLACK BEAR DIET Red Maple - Seeds Acer rubrum May Spring A native and common medium size shade tree(40’ to 65’ tall) in Minnesota that turns brilliant red in the fall and has red flowers in the spring. Bears feed on red maple seeds in spring.

ebf25ac9-4a3a-4581-a28e-e3b1c2637f88 BLACK BEAR DIET Interrupted Fern Osmunda claytoniana May Spring A large vase shaped fern that grows in shade to part shade in open moist woods and swamp edges. In spring, as fern fronds are erupting out of the ground, black bears bite off the fronds low, eat the stem, and drop the fiddlehead. Later, when the frond is mature, bears sometimes strip the fronds sideways through their mouth.

5d716d3a-0244-4112-ba3d-686c8ebde469 < Back Slide 26 of 83 < > The new forest changed our wildlife, too.

1d1c4d01-4db1-4467-8fc3-426b1cd366d4 Dens Winter shelters for black bears.

85dddc86-7d02-4079-bf58-1dcddbb5cc44 Bear Viewing in Alaska: Expert Techniques for a Great Adventure With detailed descriptions of where to go for the world's best bear viewing (and how to behave once you get there), Bear Viewing in Alaska is an essential guide for anyone who plans to take part in one of the fastest growing tourism industries in the far north. Stephen F. Stringham PhD May 1, 2007 128 Pages:

60c0a66f-fce1-409f-802a-52b25af24fe2 Bear Attacks: Their Causes and Avoidance, 3rd Edition Alan Precup disappeared while backpacking in the Alaskan wilderness. Days later, searchers found his campsite. In the bushes about 150 feet away, they found Precup’s bare skeleton, one intact hand, and both feet, still booted. In his camera were the exposed frames of the bear that killed him. Chris Dunkley and three friends were hiking in Banff National Park. Suddenly a grizzly bear mother came galloping toward them. The first of three charges came so close that it broke a fishing rod in Dunkley’s hand, yet none of the party was injured. Keith Ecklund and Larry Reimer were fishing in central Saskatchewan one spring day when they were attacked by a black bear. Ecklund kicked the bear in the head to hold it off. Reimer came to help, was attacked, and while fighting with the bear, killed it with his filleting knife. An autopsy of the bear revealed parts of a third man, Melvin Rudd, in the bear’s gut. The rest of Rudd’s partly consumed body was found nearby. What can we learn from these and hundreds of other attacks and non-injurious encounters with black and grizzly bears? Of all the animals in North America’s wilderness, none command such fear, awe, and interest as the bear. Creatures that fear little, bears now compete for survival with the only other animal that can threaten their existence: humans. What do we know about black and grizzly bears and how can this knowledge be used to avoid bear attacks? For more than three decades, Bear Attacks has been the thorough and unflinching landmark study of the attacks made on humans by the great grizzly and the less aggressive, but occasionally deadly, black bear. This is the sometimes horrific yet instructive story of Bear and Man, written by the leading scientific authority in the field. This book is for everyone who hikes, camps, or visits bear country—and for anyone who wants to know more about these sometimes fearsome but always fascinating wild creatures. Stephen Herrero April 1, 2018 320 Pages:

7161d661-47cd-4cbb-90c8-243b4b8fbddf The Bear Family and Me In this absorbing series, renowned wildlife cameraman Gordon Buchanan learns how to “walk with bears” with Lynn Rogers, a pioneering biologist, to get as close as can be to these often fearsome beasts. Over the course of a year, the pair follow cheeky young bear Lily, her mother June and their new cubs as they emerge from hibernation in the Minnesota Northwoods. The rewards are huge as Gordon gains the trust of Lily and June and captures the emerging personalities of individual cubs to give a captivating insight into the life of the black bear. January 3, 2011 Pages:

9a574ff5-b67a-418b-b982-6584be6e39ba < Back Slide 51 of 83 < > Or do white pines have values beyond wood, and might these other values become more important to all of us as white pines become scarce?

946c8773-f955-4602-86d6-d4a1835284e4 < Back Slide 23 of 83 < > This made it safer and helped clear the land for farms -- but it meant wherever the big trees were cut, the seedlings would be burned up.

588061f5-a116-4790-948d-a2a1f7819be7 < Back Slide 57 of 83 < > Why do these birds prefer the white pine on the right here over the red pine on the left? Probably because white pines grow taller, have sturdier branches for heavy nests, and have bigger gaps between branches for birds with 6-foot wingspans.