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7812ac5f-97ee-45fe-81b4-4288db974e68 < Back Forceful blowing indicates high anxiety Anxiety is expressed with a long, narrowed muzzle and forceful blowing, sometimes followed by clacking teeth.

ca0ce4be-3798-4283-952a-ff18725b9b60 < Back Reciprocal Tongue Licking A bonding activity that may also have other benefits was reciprocal tongue-licking that all family members did in dens and out of the dens as the cubs grew up. Previous Next

6d5c73c5-4c18-45cd-8412-31045142cb52 < Back Slide 55 of 83 < > How important is it to keep enough white pines to maintain the genetic diversity populations need to adapt to new conditions like blister rust? Research has already shown that overharvest has caused white pines to lose some of their genetic diversity.

1fd4a776-0b4e-4c5d-978a-58894780b939 < Back Slide 17 of 83 < > White pines used to thrive in Minnesota. Why aren't there more young white pines today? What caused the change is a story of good intentions and unforeseen consequences.

fc3b979c-5bcf-4b76-9a73-83f39866de7c BLACK BEAR DIET Ant Pupae/Brood . June, July, August Late Spring to Late Summer An important food from late spring until mid to late summer. Black bears have long sticky tongues for probing into ant colonies. Bears find ant brood by keying in on pheromones and other chemicals(formic acid) ants use for communication and defense(this is probably why bears sometimes bite into insulated snowmobile seats, hot tub covers and refrigerator walls, which all produce formic acid when the formaldehyde in the insulation breaks down). They usually avoid anthills due to soil that gets mixed with the ant brood and readily tear into logs or flip over rocks. If there is sign of bears eating from anthills, that is a sign of scarce food.

467acb8d-3213-488c-81bc-6c3100260588 BLACK BEAR DIET Coralroot Orchid Corallorhiza spp. Occasionally Eaten Black bears eat the fleshy roots of the coralroot orchid occasionally. These orchids grow in Alpine or subalpine zones, bogs, disturbed habitats(ie: clear cut or fire), forests, meadows, swamps, tundra, woodlands.

02132f11-d677-498e-9fa6-62f68f038cf8 < Back Sounds of Conflict Bears make a deep-throated pulsing sound when they are very distressed.

d54842c7-b1c0-4259-8c57-1b0c97232970 < Back Slide 7 of 83 < > The rule for good forestry is to cut trees no faster than the forest grows new ones. This is called sustainable forestry. It's the only way to produce wood and keep our forests and wildlife -- and jobs in the timber industry.

69435b2f-cb22-4ce5-9988-2bcec5eb4fb4 < Back Slide 74 of 83 < > Even dead or dying white pines are important to wildlife. A healthy forest is a functioning ecosystem that includes dead and dying trees for wildlife homes and food.

c03050fc-ee13-422f-9576-316707e6e3ed Rubs Bears rub against trees and brush to leave each other scent messages.

680bb8e8-6c1c-4781-a691-c4fc1185ee59 BLACK BEAR DIET Mountain Ash Sorbus spp. September after 1st frost Autumn A small tree/bush native to northern Minnesota. It is found growing in part shade, full sun, moist areas, cool forest, swamps stream banks, forest edges, rocky shores and bluffs. Fruit is a cluster of bright red berries that matures in late summer and persist through winter. Berries are often eaten by black bears after the first frost which makes them sweeter.

6c9dc748-e85c-40c0-b4cc-1fb1f0b9297b < Back Motherly Grunts June with her cubs Spring 2007.