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WILDLIFE REHAB FACILITIES Wildlife Rehabilitation Facilities Wildwood Wildlife Rehabilitation 4009 W. Arrowhead Road Duluth MN 55811 www.wildwoodsrehab.org Phone 218-491-3604 Wild and Free 10033 Old Highway 18 Brainerd MN 56401 www.wildandfree.org Phone 320-692-5417 CALL Garrison Animal Hospital first Phone 320-692-4180 Wildlife Rehabilitation Center 2530 Dale Street North Roseville MN 55113 www.wrcmn.org Phone 651-486-9453 Wild Instincts 4621 Apperson Drive Rhinelander WI 54501 www.wildinstinctsrehab.com Phone 715-362-4953

2ca120bc-7d6a-4bbc-b7c3-e800a85159e4 Bears: Majestic Creatures of the Wild An illustrated celebration of bears examines the different species that exist, and discusses such issues as biology, environmental concerns, and patterns of life. Ian Stirling and David Kirschner August 1, 1993 240 Pages:

VOCALIZATIONS AND BEHAVIORS When a b ear makes sounds and gestures, what do they mean to communicate? We cannot speak bear, but we can have a very good idea what a bear wants to say when it speaks. We can watch how a bear communicates with other bears and then recognize the similarities when a bear tries to communicate with a human. What we have learned is that when bears communicate with people in this manner, an attack on a person has not happened. Too often bears are killed by people for communicating with people the best way they know how. The bears are killed because their behavior during communication is misunderstood as being aggressive and dangerous. The communicating bear is not aggressive, it is uneasy and nervous. Mike McIntosh WiseAboutBears.org Video and Audio files provided by the Wildlife Research Institute and the North American Bear Center Family and Friendly Sounds Cub Screaming When cubs are afraid, they scream. That’s the sound that brings mom running. Cubs Nursing Black bear cubs make motor-like pleasure sounds as they nurse. Friendly Sounds of a Captive Bear Friendly sounds are tongue-clicks and grunts. Grunts From Mother to Cub Grunts are most often from mothers to cubs. The cub is saying, “Mom, come back. I need you.” When she comes, we’ll hear the mother give a couple higher-pitched grunts of greeting and then her usual grunts of concern. Motherly Grunts June with her cubs Spring 2007. Mourning a Missing Cub They use their human-like voice to express a number of emotions. This sound of mourning is from a mother who is missing a cub. she made this sound for 3 days, even while nursing her other cubs, until the moment they all were re-united. Tongue Clicks During Courting Tongue-clicks are most intense when they are from a male to an estrus females. Scary Sounds You Shouldn't Be Afraid Of Harmless Nervous Bluster These instinctive behaviors are displays of nervousness and not preludes to an attack Moaning This moan of fear is sometimes interpreted as a growl. It’s often from a bear too scared to come down from a tree. Forceful blowing indicates high anxiety Anxiety is expressed with a long, narrowed muzzle and forceful blowing, sometimes followed by clacking teeth. Huffing is the release of nervous energy Bears huff when they’re getting over a scare, like a person taking a deep breath. They do it when they reach safety up a tree, when they finally dare to come down, and when they stop running away. Bluff-charging is harmless bluster This mother had an unusual tendency to bluff-charge. When she got close, she showed fear by blowing and clacking her teeth just before she retreated. Pounce and slap = nervous uncertainty When a bear is uncertain, it often lunges toward the possible danger, slaps the ground or a tree, and blows. It’s just part of assessing whether to run or stay. Sounds of Conflict Bears make a deep-throated pulsing sound when they are very distressed.

901363e8-ab97-4d4e-a79f-450b5fc63254 < Back Slide 79 of 83 < > They provide habitat for uncommon mosses, rare fungi, salamanders, red-bellied snakes, insects, mice, and a variety of other animals. As the log begins to crumble into the forest floor it gives a final gift to the forest. It becomes the best place for a new white pine to take root. The dead white pine nourishes a new forest giant to take its place.

dcea75ba-abf7-45e3-b7fa-dacb440a142e In Wild Trust, Larry Aumiller’s 30 Years Among the McNeil River Brown Bears For thirty years, Larry Aumiller lived in close company with the world’s largest grouping of brown bears, returning by seaplane every spring to the wilderness side of Cook Inlet, two hundred and fifty miles southwest of Anchorage to work as a manager, teacher, guide, and more. Eventually—without the benefit of formal training in wildlife management or ecology—he become one of the world’s leading experts on brown bears, the product of an unprecedented experiment in peaceful coexistence. This book celebrates Aumiller’s achievement, telling the story of his decades with the bears alongside his own remarkable photographs. As both professional wildlife managers and ordinary citizens alike continue to struggle to bridge the gap between humans and the wild creatures we’ve driven out, In Wild Trust is an inspiring account of what we can achieve. Jeff Fair April 15, 2017 200 Pages:

307473f9-9378-48d9-8fe8-1461db47e81d GIANT PANDA Back General Description: Giant pandas have a distinctive black and white coat, with black fur around their eyes and on their ears, muzzle, legs and shoulders. Distribution: Six separate mountain ranges in central China. Habitat: Bamboo forests at elevations of 4,000 to 13,000 feet Diet: Over 99% of their diet consists of the leaves, stems and shoots of bamboo. Population: 2,000 Length: 5 to 6 feet Height: 2 to 3 feet Weight: Males: 300 pounds, Females: 200 pounds Geographic Range https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqT-UlYlg1s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6pI_QP0P4s0

8f3141be-1eda-4300-affe-93b80bfcadd3 Back

September 14, 2022 Bear registrations drop sharply, as anticipated Bumper berry crop has made hunter baits less effective A young bear looks down from a high perch in an aspen tree. FILE PHOTO Posted Wednesday, September 14, 2022 6:31 pm Marshall Helmberger REGIONAL—Fewer bear hunters are reporting success this year as abundant wild food sources appear to have given the advantage to the bears. As of Sept. 13, hunter registrations statewide are down 34 percent over last year. Last year’s harvest, which fell just shy of 3,000 for the season, was boosted by drought conditions that dried up most berry crops that bears rely on as they seek to put on fat reserves for the winter. Hungry bears are more likely to respond to the baits that hunters put out near their stands, so poor conditions give hunters the advantage. This year, a bumper crop of wild fruits, mushrooms, acorns, and other wild foods have made baiting less effective. “Bear foods are definitely the driving factor here,” said Jessica Holmes, Tower area DNR wildlife manager. This year’s abundant wild foods are helping female bears most of all, and that’s likely to aid in the effort to rebuild the region’s bear population. DNR wildlife managers have been trying to rebuild the bear population in the region, which was cut in half a decade ago by several years of high hunting mortality. But the rebound has been slower than expected, as a series of poor food years have left females more vulnerable to hunters. Female bears are typically more cautious about approaching hunters’ baits, but they tend to overcome that reluctance when natural foods are short. Last year, hunters took an even number of males and females. This year, however, males are making up about 62 percent of the registered bears. “This is quite a contrast to last year,” said Holmes. As of Sept. 13, hunters had registered a total of 132 bears in permit area 25, which includes northern St. Louis and the eastern half of Koochiching counties. Of those, 82 were males, while 56 were female. Hunters had registered 157 bears in permit area 31, which runs from Tower and Ely down to the North Shore, including 107 males and 50 females. Given the pace of the hunt, Holmes said she expects the final harvest will come in right around 2,000 bears this season, If so, that would be the lowest harvest since 2018. The bear season runs through Sunday, Oct. 16, although most bears are taken in the first ten days of the season.

609ddf2d-2005-4c3b-9235-497b828b3535 < Back Cub Screaming When cubs are afraid, they scream. That’s the sound that brings mom running.

a2ad3fdd-a92c-4401-92ae-a5c982f6e8d7 Tree Bites and Scratches Black bears bite trees to leave messages for other bears so they tend to be in conspicuous locations.

2db77871-00d1-47a4-bb33-3524610bad8e BLACK BEAR DIET Canada Bluejoint Calamagrostis canadensis May Spring Canada Bluejoint is a common native grass, long lived perennial grass that grows 2' to 6' tall. And is found in a variety of moist to wet places all across Minnesota as well as much of North America.

9b39d39c-a1ee-48ba-905e-41df8a3dbaed < Back Slide 45 of 83 < > Compared to other states, Minnesota has gone from first to last in white pine lumber production. For example, Minnesota started with twice as much white pine as New Hampshire but now has only a 20th as much. New Hampshire and other eastern states manage their white pines on a nearly sustainable basis and now produce 99 percent of the nation's white pine lumber. There's no nationwide shortage of white pine lumber, but there is a shortage in Minnesota where overharvest has reduced our output to the point where Minnesota now produces less than one percent of the nation's white pine lumber.