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22363732-cf89-4057-a7c1-79921af36867 The Wishing Bear (Kids Book) "This charming story about the bond between a mother black bear and her cub will delight readers of all ages. Jennifer Dziekan opens our hearts to black bears. Her charming illustrations and endearing text remind me of the care and concern I've seen wild black bear mothers give to their cubs." Lynn L. Rogers, Ph.D. Wildlife Research Institute and North American Bear Center ~ Also contains facts about bears... Jennifer Dziekan January 1, 2006 26 Pages:

DROUGHT AND BLACK BEARS How Drought May Be Affecting Black Bears There's actually a good explanation as to why we are much more likely to see black bears out and about in populated areas this summer. That's because the dry conditions we're currently experiencing is affecting the food that black bears usually eat, so they're going elsewhere for food. Select Year for Vegetation Maps January 2021 May 2021 September 2021 February 2021 June 2021 October 2021 March 2021 July 2021 November 2021 April 2021 August 2021 December 2021 View All Maps 2009-2021 Visit VegDRI Drought in Minnesota from 2000–Present The U.S. Drought Monitor started in 2000. Since 2000, the longest duration of drought (D1–D4) in Minnesota lasted 146 weeks beginning on August 30, 2011, and ending on June 10, 2014. The most intense period of drought occurred the week of August 17, 2021, where D4 affected 8.07% of Minnesota land. Visit Drought.gov

18516bce-4587-4820-a2bb-f7b85a1e981f < Back Slide 44 of 83 < > But cutting at unsustainable rates remains a problem. A survey in 1962 showed we had only 135,800 acres left, but we continued cutting without replanting and lost over half of those acres in the last 30 years.

BLACK BEAR DETERRENTS Learn More Pepper Spray Q&A Learn more about capsaicin sprays and how they work Learn More Securing Trash Cans Simple straps can make your garbage can wildlife resistant Learn More Electric Fencing A simple setup can be effective wildlife deterrent

ACTIVITY AND HIBERNATION Information provided by the North American Bear Center Annual Cycle of Activity The annual cycle of black bear activity and hibernation has five stages: hibernation walking hibernation normal activity hyperphagia fall transition The stages differ in biochemistry, physiology, appetite, and level of activity. The onset and duration of the stages are genetically programmed to fit regional norms of food availability, which differ across America. For example, around Ely, fall food is scarce, so bears begin hibernating in September or October and remain in dens for 6 or 7 months until April. If supplemental food is provided to these bears in fall, they abandon it to begin hibernating on time, as they are genetically programmed to do. Bears around Ely usually continue hibernating through winter thaws. The activity schedule is very different in eastern North America where acorns, hickory nuts, beech nuts, and other foods become available in fall and some foods remain available all winter. Bears there are genetically programmed to delay hibernation until late November or December and hibernate less than 5 months. Hibernation there is typically not as deep, and some bears emerge to forage during winter thaws. Food sometimes remains available throughout winter there, and some bears continue foraging throughout winter. Hibernation Hibernation of study bears in close dens is continuous dormancy with distinct decreases in heart rate and metabolic rate. They use up to 4,000 kcal per day, mainly body fat, and do not eat, drink, urinate, or defecate. They reduce oxygen consumption and metabolic rate to a little as 25% of summer rates and breathe once per 15 to 45 seconds. Heart rate can drop periodically to 8-21 beats per minute, and blood flow to skeletal muscle, particularly the legs, can be reduced by 45% or more, making some bears slow to become active in winter. Blood perfusion rates of peripheral tissues can fall below levels needed for aerobic metabolism in humans. However, wild mothers in open dens maintain near normal body temperature (high 90’s Fahrenheit), ingest their cubs’ urine and feces. They also lick up drops of meltwater, eat snow and icicles, urinate, and defecate. Walking Hibernation Walking hibernation is the 2-3 weeks following emergence when metabolic processes adjust to normal summer levels. During walking hibernation, bears voluntarily eat and drink less than they will later during normal activity. They also excrete less urine, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Normal Activity Normal activity typically lasts from green-up in spring to the onset of hyperphagia in midsummer or fall, depending upon region. During this stage, bears with unlimited food eat 5,000 to 8,000 kcal per day. If they are denied water and food during this stage, they cannot duplicate hibernation responses. Instead, they become dehydrated, utilize muscle for energy, and accumulate nitrogenous wastes in the blood, which can be fatal. Hyperphasia Hyperphagia is a period of excessive eating and drinking to fatten for hibernation. Black bears with unlimited food and water ate 15,000 to 20,000 kcal per day and drank several gallons. Large amounts of water are needed to process the large amounts of food and rid the body of nitrogenous waste. Daily urine volumes for two bears were 2-4 gallons (8-16 liters). Nitrogen losses were 2.4 to 3.7 ounces (69-104 grams) (Nelson et al. 1983). Fall Transition Fall transition is a period after hyperphagia when metabolic processes change in preparation for hibernation. Bears voluntarily eat less but continue to drink to purge body wastes. They become increasingly lethargic, resting 22 or more hours per day, often near water. Active heart rates fall from 80-100 per minute to 50-60 per minute, and sleeping heart rates fall from 66-80 per minute to less than 22 per minute. References: Folk, G. E., M. A. Folk, and J. G. Minor. 1972. Physiological condition of three species of bears in winter dens. Ursus 2: 107-125. Folk, G. E., A. Larson, and M. A. Folk. 1976. Physiology of hibernating bears. Ursus 3:373-380. Guyton, A. C. 1981. Textbook of medical physiology. Sixth ed. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1,074 pp. Nelson, R. Al, G. Edgar Folk, Jr, E. W. Pfeiffer, John J. Craighead, C. J. Jonkel, and D. L. Steiger. 1983. Behavior, biochemistry, and hibernation in black, grizzly, and polar bears. Ursus 5:284-290. Rogers, L. L., and S. C. Durst. 1987. Evidence that black bears reduce peripheral blood flow during hibernation. J. Mammal. 68(4):872-875. Watts, P. D. et al. 1981. Mammalian hibernation and the oxygen consumption of a denning black bear. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. Comparative Physiology 69:121-123.

18ba92c0-a928-43f6-93bc-e71a47c1c465 < Back Slide 29 of 83 < > But no one had tried to grow white pines before, so there was no way the foresters could know that what they were doing to help was only making things worse.

EAST OF EDEN "THE EDGE OF EDEN: LIVING WITH GRIZZLIES" 2007, Drama, 1h 29m Filmmakers Jeff and Sue Turner profile a Canadian named Charlie Russell, who raises orphaned bear cubs in the Russian wilderness.

BEARTEAM LENDING RESOURCES Borrow resources to learn more If you are in the Eagles Nest Township area just contact us to borrow resources from our library of books and DVDs. Learn More Learn More

CODE OF ETHICS Code of Ethics BEAR TEAM Code of Ethics The Bear Team is committed to maintaining the highest degree of integrity and honesty in all our interactions with our clients, in terms of confidentiality, and the protection of all personal information received during our interactions. We will conduct business in an honest manner and expect those who interact with us to give us the same courtesy.

BEARS IN THE NEWS The Minnesota Star Tribune By Karen Tolkkinen October 23, 2024 Tolkkinen: Why I lost my fear of black bears Button Lemonadist By Erik Ness July 03, 2024 The Black Bears Are Alright Button Duluth News Tribune By John Myers May 06, 2024 Forest Service imposes new food storage rules in Boundary Waters Button Washington Post By Kate Morgan October 10, 2023 Black bears in the backyard: Why they’re everywhere, and what to do Button The Conversation By Neil Carter August 22, 2023 Policy framework for coexisting with wolves, bears and mountain lions could benefit both people and the environment Button The Ely ECHO By Elizabeth Granger Mesabi Tribune August 19, 2023 North American Bear Center in Ely ranked No. 4 museum in Minnesota by Tripadvisor Button TIMBERJAY Marshall Helmberger July 19, 2023 BERRY ABUNDANT Button Mountain Journal by Todd Wilkinson May 18, 2023 Famous Jackson Hole Grizzly 399 Wows Again, But Now What? Button TIMBERJAY By Marshall Helmberger May 3, 2023 Late spring prompts more bear complaints Button TIMBERJAY By Marshall Helmberger September 14, 2022 Bear registrations drop sharply, as anticipated Button TIMBERJAY By Marshall Helmberger August 24, 2022 Advantage goes to bears as season opens Sept. 1 Button TIMBERJAY Marshall Helmberger July 22, 2022 Berry Bonanza Button TIMBERJAY By Marshall Helmberger March 30, 2022 Do bears need a break? Button The Ely ECHO Ely Echo Newspapers April 1, 2022 Prevent conflicts with bears with these spring tips from the DNR Button TIMBERJAY Marshall Helmberger September 22, 2021 Are bears in trouble in NE? Button Bring Me The News Shaymus McLaughlin June 15, 2021 Black bears at the bird feeder Button Omere By Gosia Bryja May 15, 2021 Black Bears Do Not Deserve This Fate Button Bring Me The News Joe Nelson August 17, 2020 More 'bear-human conflicts' Button Duluth News Tribune By John Myers August 13, 2020 Dumpster-diving bears becoming a burden in Northeastern Minnesota Button ABC News By Julia Jacobo September 5, 2019 Black bear attacks on humans are rare but often begin as scuffles with dogs, experts say Button