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daae7475-3b19-4fd2-8d09-ea2524d0ce42 < Back Moaning This moan of fear is sometimes interpreted as a growl. It’s often from a bear too scared to come down from a tree.

f518cbcd-6bd5-4508-86db-2d22fb7d073d BLACK BEAR DIET Willow Salix spp. April Late Winter Willows are fast growing and short lived, multiple stem tree/shrub, and are common throughout Minnesota in wet or moist soil conditions. There are 400 known species of willow, 17 that grow in northern Minnesota. Black bears eat the catkins on willow trees in the early spring when they emerge, which can be when there is still snow on the ground. Willow catkins are one of the earliest bear foods along with snowfleas.

c268fb29-cf4c-4227-af3b-740545318f61 < Back < >

1bb4d892-2e06-4883-a017-3ed8a6da4953 < Back Slide 80 of 83 < > What can you do to increase the number of white pines in Minnesota?

f36d17e9-9fce-4b69-afde-f771c8de0ec6 BLACK BEAR DIET Larvae of Termites, Bees, Yellow Jackets, Hornets and Wasps . May, June, July, August Spring, Summer, Autumn The larvae of these insects contain 80% to 90% protein, compared to beef, which has 20% protein.

ec589e17-d5fb-4b47-b640-14d9407dbe92 < Back Slide 5 of 83 < > . . . pine martens, and dozens of colorful birds like pine grosbeaks and red crossbills.

90a07aad-1356-4bc4-860a-50e952282dd6 Grizzly Seasons: Life with the Brown Bears of Kamchatka Charlie Russell and Maureen Enns spent six summers in the remote wilderness of Kamchatka, Russia: home to the world's densest population of brown bears. Grizzly Seasons tells the story of three bear cubs -- Chico, Biscuit and Rosie -- rescued from a zoo and reintroduced to the wild by Russell and Enns. The account traces the bear's development from dependant cubs to independent creatures of the wilderness. Graced with more than 150 beautiful color photographs, including majestic aerial views, Grizzly Seasons closely follows the bears -- and the authors -- through six years of developing a self-sustaining, mutually-respectful relationship of trust. Charlie Russell and Maureen Enns October 4, 2003 160 Pages:

72990f22-acc9-4719-9b36-f1da2bd965c8 < Back Slide 15 of 83 < > The problem is that the white pines usually did not grow back. Nearly all of them were cut and less than two percent grew back. These graphs illustrate what happened to Minnesota forests between the time cutting began in 1837 and the time of the most recent forest survey in 1990. The big squares again represent the total forested area of Minnesota, and we can see the total forest shrank only 38 percent as we turned some of it into cities and farms, but our white pine forest -- shown in red -- shrank 98 percent. Only 67,000 acres remain. Very few of the old trees remain. The two percent we have left are mostly the two percent that grew back after cutting. These are not the majestic white pines we once had. Most of them are only 60 to 120 years old.

a73b8c14-1359-4366-bfaa-33c57b90be5c ASIATIC BLACK BEAR Back General Description: A "medium" sized bear, jet black fur with a thick mane-like ruff around their neck. In addition to the yellow moon on their chest, they have a brown or tan muzzle and a whitish chin. Distribution: The Asiatic black bear’s territory spreads widely across the southern part of Asia. Habitat: Heavily forested mountainous areas and moist tropical forests. Diet: Omnivorous, feeding on both vegetation and other animals. Population: 50,000 Length: 4.5 to 6 feet Height: 3 feet Weight: Males: 220 to 440 pounds, Females: 110 to 275 pounds Geographic Range https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOgEijHRw-g https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgA6atkV9tg

7dbe9d27-43db-4205-a130-e207af646009 < Back Slide 43 of 83 < > But in many places, white pines will need special help to overcome the problems people created. In some parts of Minnesota, foresters are beginning to give white pines that help.

bd7be19b-01d3-4204-93d1-a6103684cf2a One of Us, A Biologist’s Walk Among Bears Barrie Gilbert's fascination with grizzly bears almost got him killed in Yellowstone National Park. He recovered, returned to fieldwork and devoted the next several decades to understanding and protecting these often-maligned giants. He has spent thousands of hours among wild grizzlies in Yosemite and Yellowstone national parks, Alberta, coastal British Columbia, and along Brooks River in Alaska's Katmai National Park, where hundreds of people gather to watch dozens of grizzlies feast on salmon. His research has centered on how bears respond to people and each other, with a focus on how to keep humans and bears safe. Drawn from his decades of experience, One of Us: A Biologist's Walk Among Bears explodes myths that depict grizzlies as bloodthirsty beasts that "kill for pleasure" and reveals the intelligent, adaptable side of these astonishingly social animals. He also explains their pivotal role in maintaining and protecting their fragile ecosystems. Accordingly, Gilbert pulls no punches when outlining threats to bear conservation. Most importantly, this book extolls a new way of appreciating grizzly bears, the same way we regard wolves, whales, chimpanzees, and gorillas. Barrie K Gilbert September 3, 2019 264 Pages:

3b22da8f-85cb-4df4-ad01-2778ecd6c401 < Back Slide 20 of 83 < > Branches were trimmed from entire forests and left to dry out and become fuel.