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377b5a96-130c-4b8d-a280-c3ff5f3f88db Bears: Monarchs of the Northern Wilderness Describes the daily life of the polar bear, brown bear, Asiatic black bear, and American black bear through all four season, clears up misconceptions about bears, and discusses hibernation and the raising of bear cubs Wayne Lynch September 1, 1993 242 Pages:

1bb70738-3b4e-4e52-b212-a46e38340794 < Back Slide 83 of 83 < > For more information on tending more mature white pines see https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/treecare/whitepine/tending.html

216d19c1-ec5e-4d0a-96f5-8b068ea48f7c BLACK BEAR DIET Cattail Typha sp. May, June, July, August Spring, Summer Cattail is a common native plant that bears can rely on for food if preferred species aren’t producing. At different times from spring to fall bears will eat the entire plant. Black bears eat cattail leaf tips and roots in May and fleshy leaf bases in July and August(they bite the stalk off at the base, strip the tough outer parts away, and eat the soft starchy core).

8f3141be-1eda-4300-affe-93b80bfcadd3 Back

RESEARCH PAPERS Comparison of behaviors of black bears with and without habituation to humans and supplemental research feeding by Roger A. Powell, Susan A. Mansfield and Lynn L Rogers October 5, 2022 Comparison of behaviors of black bears with and without habituation to humans and supplemental research feeding Effects of Food Supply and Kinship on Social Behavior, Movements, and Population Growth of Black Bears in Northeastern Minnesota by Lynn L. Rogers April 1987 Effects of Food Supply and Kinship on Social Behavior, Movements, and Population Growth of Black Bears in Northeastern Minnesota Do Bears That Lose Their Fear of People Become More Likely to Attack? Becklund, J.; DeBruyn, T.; Herrero, S., T. Smith, T. D. DeBruyn, K. Gunther, and C. A. Matt.; Rogers, L. L., and G. W. Wilker; Stringham, S. F; Tate, J. Do Bears That Lose Their Fear of People Become More Likely to Attack? To Feed or Not to Feed Wildlife Research Institute Lynn L. Rogers October 1, 2021 To Feed or Not to Feed Are Brown Bears Less Aggressive in Europe Than in North America? Stephen F. Stringham and Lynn L. Rogers Are Brown Bears Less Aggressive in Europe Than in North America? Behavior in Free-Living American Black Bear Dens: Parturition, Maternal Care, and Cub Behavior Lynn L. Rogers 1, Linda McColley 1, Janet Dalton 1, Jim Stroner 1, Douglas Hajicek 2, AdamPartin 3 and Gordon M.Burghardt 3,4,* Behavior in Free-Living American Black Bear Dens: Parturition, Maternal Care, and Cub Behavior Bed site selection by female North American black bears by Susan A. Mansfield, Lynn L Rogers, Sean Robison, and Roger A. Powell December 15, 2021 Bed site selection by female North American black bears Does diversionary feeding create nuisance bears and jeopardize public safety? Lynn L. Rogers Does diversionary feeding create nuisance bears and jeopardize public safety? Behavior of supplementally-fed black bears in Eagles Nest Township, Minnesota Lynn L. Rogers and Susan A. Mansfield Behavior of supplementally-fed black bears in Eagles Nest Township, Minnesota Status of Minnesota Black Bears 2021 Harvests, Complaints, Foods, and Population Trend Estimates December 30, 2021 Final Report to Bear Committee Andrew N. Tri Status of Minnesota Black Bears 2021 Harvests, Complaints, Foods, and Population Trend Estimates Status of Minnesota Black Bears 2022 Harvests, Complaints, Foods, and Population Trend Estimates February 9, 2023 Final Report to Bear Committee Andrew N. Tri Status of Minnesota Black Bears 2022 Harvests, Complaints, Foods, and Population Trend Estimates Status of Minnesota Black Bears 2023 Harvests, Complaints, Foods, and Population Trend Estimates February 8, 2024 Final Report to Bear Committee Andrew N. Tri Status of Minnesota Black Bears 2023 Harvests, Complaints, Foods, and Population Trend Estimates Status of Minnesota Black Bears 2024 Harvests, Complaints, Foods, and Population Trend Estimates February 25, 2025 Final Report to Bear Committee Andrew N. Tri Status of Minnesota Black Bears 2024 Harvests, Complaints, Foods, and Population Trend Estimates Reactions of Free-Ranging Black Bears to Capsaicin Spray Repellent Lynn L. Rogers Reactions of Free-Ranging Black Bears to Capsaicin Spray Repellent Effects of Mast and Berry Crop Failures on Survival, Growth, and Reproductive Success of Black Bears Lynn L. Rogers Effects of Mast and Berry Crop Failures on Survival, Growth, and Reproductive Success of Black Bears Have Black and Grizzly Bears Become More Dangerous? Insights From Human-Bear Fatality Trends Stephen F. Stringham, Lynn L. Rogers, and Ann Bryant (2019) Have Black and Grizzly Bears Become More Dangerous? Insights From Human-Bear Fatality Trends Fear of Humans by Bears and Other Animals (Anthropophobia): How Much is Natural? Stringham, Stephen F. and Lynn L. Rogers. (2017) Fear of Humans by Bears and Other Animals (Anthropophobia): How Much is Natural? Does diversionary feeding create nuisance bears and jeopardize public safety? Rogers, L. L. 2010 Does diversionary feeding create nuisance bears and jeopardize public safety? Black bears and the oak resource in northeastern Minnesota. Rogers, L. L., and E. L. Lindquist. 1991 Black bears and the oak resource in northeastern Minnesota. Grizzly bear and American black bear interactions with people in Yellowstone National Park Gunther, Kerry A., Atkins, Kelly M., Wyman, Travis C., and Reinertson, Eric G. Grizzly bear and American black bear interactions with people in Yellowstone National Park Beyond the Numbers: The Hidden Fragility of Animal Societies by Gosia Bryja Jul 9, 2025 Beyond the Numbers: The Hidden Fragility of Animal Societies The Quiet Undoing of Distance: A Story of Transformation and Coexistence A review of Trina Moyles’s Black Bear: A Story of Siblinghood and Survival The Quiet Undoing of Distance: A Story of Transformation and Coexistence A Bear is not just a Bear: Recognizing the Individual in Wildlife Conservation Gosia Bryja, PhD Dec 20, 2023 A Bear is not just a Bear: Recognizing the Individual in Wildlife Conservation

0bff8397-8b0f-4e9e-8944-85e83847b41c < Back Fecal Plug As one of these yearlings makes the suckling sound, the mother is eating a yearling’s fecal plug that rolled back into the den after the yearling backed to the entrance to defecate. Fecal plugs are mainly cells that slough off the digestive tract during hibernation and build up in the colon. Previous Next

ELECTRIC FENCING Using Simple Electric Fencing to Reduce Bear Conflicts The following information is a guide to help you get started with your electric fence project to help deter bears. Remember, we moved into the black bears back yard, and need to learn to co-exist with them. Installing electric fence is a fairly straight forward and simple home project. We can also provide guidance at no charge if you would like a home consult, you can contact the BEARTEAM. Use electric fence to protect: Bird (wildlife) Feeders Gardens Fruit Trees and beehives Chicken Coops, Food Sheds, Garbage Sheds, Garages Electrified gate springs protecting a garage. Electric fence to keep bears from climbing up on a shed roof. What is needed: Energizer (Alternating Current, Battery Powered, Solar) – at least 7,000 volts Wire, cord or netting (Aluminum, Steel, Braided) Posts (Fiberglass, Steel T Posts, Wood Posts) Insulators Grounding rod or rods Gate hardware if an opening, door or gate is required Insulated Wire for jumping or bridging where you don’t want shocks Wire Clamps for grounding rods and jump wires Voltage tester Safety – Electric fences have a good bite if you touch them accidentally but are safe and should not produce injury. Put some flag tape on fencing to let others know that they are there. Installing – Keep it simple and read the instructions completely that come with the Energizer. Make sure that the fencing doesn’t short out on tall grass, tree branches, posts or building surfaces. Where to buy electric fence components in Northeastern, MN: L&M Supply – Virginia, MN Tractor Supply – Virginia, MN Fleet Farm – Brainerd, MN Big Box Hardware stores like Menards, Home Depot, or Lowes may have parts Links: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqIRMavnahE – How to install electric fencing for bears – Gillian Sanders, 9 minutes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shoUmDQPjnM – How to set up an electric fence – Tractor Supply, 2 minutes Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks has a pretty comprehensive document “Deterring Bears with Electrified Fencing: A Beginners Guide” that you can access and download if you want – there is some dated information in it but it is quite extensive and about 17 pages long and an overall good resource - Deterring Bears with Electrified Fencing: A beginner’s guide Google for other YouTube videos, there are many and can be specific like solar installation etc.

f5442e5f-6b61-4f03-82c6-06e9b0ce5352 BLACK BEAR DIET Lowbush Blueberry Vaccinium angustifolium July, August Summer A perennial native shrub that grows 6 inches to 2 feet tall, that yields a delicious blue berry loved by black bears. The fruit ripens starting in mid- to late July and continuing through August.

a2ad3fdd-a92c-4401-92ae-a5c982f6e8d7 Tree Bites and Scratches Black bears bite trees to leave messages for other bears so they tend to be in conspicuous locations.

d8022a07-8eb3-433d-af1d-01e6aca2b3e0 < Back Slide 25 of 83 < > Fluffy aspen seeds that can blow for miles started the northwoods of today, a forest that is often too dense for young white pines to survive.

7dbe9d27-43db-4205-a130-e207af646009 < Back Slide 43 of 83 < > But in many places, white pines will need special help to overcome the problems people created. In some parts of Minnesota, foresters are beginning to give white pines that help.

90a07aad-1356-4bc4-860a-50e952282dd6 Grizzly Seasons: Life with the Brown Bears of Kamchatka Charlie Russell and Maureen Enns spent six summers in the remote wilderness of Kamchatka, Russia: home to the world's densest population of brown bears. Grizzly Seasons tells the story of three bear cubs -- Chico, Biscuit and Rosie -- rescued from a zoo and reintroduced to the wild by Russell and Enns. The account traces the bear's development from dependant cubs to independent creatures of the wilderness. Graced with more than 150 beautiful color photographs, including majestic aerial views, Grizzly Seasons closely follows the bears -- and the authors -- through six years of developing a self-sustaining, mutually-respectful relationship of trust. Charlie Russell and Maureen Enns October 4, 2003 160 Pages: