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5a556288-1139-4475-81f4-45f4b169670d < Back Slide 50 of 83 < > That kind of management of a dwindling resource raises some questions. When we have so few white pines left, should we allow the white pines on public land to be cut so a few people can make a profit.

65f8c06f-0c99-4f94-b91a-ddff6c0b8939 < Back Slide 52 of 83 < > Shouldn't we let some of our white pine forests grow to their full size so our descendants can walk among forest giants of the size our forefathers saw?

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09e75a8f-8832-45f2-89a8-b8b05d548ae7 < Back REM Sleep by Mothers Both mothers and young went through stages of sleep that included the eye movements and twitches of REM sleep. Does that mean they dream? Previous Next

53c1201d-e9d7-4630-89f9-338688eaf225 BLACK BEAR DIET Water Parsnip Sium suave Occasionally Eaten A highly evasive non-native plant imported from Europe and Asia and it is considered a noxious weed. The plant causes phytophotodermatitis when skin comes into contact with the plant. It is most commonly found along roads and rail rights-of-way, also on disturbed sites including trails, natural areas pastures, forests and field margins, unmaintained gravel pits. It can tolerate dry mesic or wet soils, but does not grow in shaded areas. Black bears occasionally eat the fleshy roots of water parsnip. It is not a preferred food.

September 5, 2019 Black bear attacks on humans are rare but often begin as scuffles with dogs, experts say The dog may run to its owner for protection as the bear follows close behind. By Julia Jacobo September 5, 2019, 5:28 PM • 8 min read https://abcnews.go.com/US/black-bear-attacks-humans-rare-begin-scuffles-dogs/story?id=65413852 Bears kills woman while she's looking for dogs Predatory attacks on humans by black bears are extremely rare, but experts are offering insight as to how some of them may start after a woman was killed in Canada by a black bear while searching for her dogs. A "disproportionate number" of attacks by bears on human are related to dogs, Lynn Rogers, research scientist for the Wildlife Research Institute and founder of the North American Bear Center, told ABC News. A 62-year-old Minnesota woman died over the weekend while she was looking for her dogs in the woods in Rainy Lake, Canada, just a few miles over the border from Minnesota, authorities said. The dogs, yelping and barking, later returned to the cabin, but the woman never returned and was later found with a bear standing over her. (MORE: Bear kills Minnesota woman while she's searching woods for her dogs) Bear attacks involving dogs also occurred in June, when a California man was bitten after he kicked a bear that attacked his dog in his yard, in December 2018, when a Pennsylvania woman was dragged 88 yards in her front yard after a bear attacked both her and her dog, and in June 2018, when a man wrestled a black bear after it lunged at his dog at Jasper National Park in Alberta, Canada. The dog in that case was killed. In Minnesota, three of the seven unprovoked bear attacks recorded since 1987 in which the victim required hospitalization involved a dog, Dave Garshelis, a bear research scientist with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, told ABC News. None of those attacks were fatal, Garshelis said. M. Lorenz Photography via Getty Images Closeup portrait of a wild Black Bear Sow in Ontario. Often in those types of cases, the owner gets hurt when he or she tries to intercede in the scuffle, or the dog runs back to its owner for protection and "next thing you know the bear is 2 feet away," Garshelis said. Knowing what to do in the event that a dog encounters a bear is a "tough call" because the situations can be so unpredictable, Garshelis said. (MORE: Wildlife officials euthanize black bear cub after it became too friendly with humans) He suggested arming yourself with some type of weapon, such as a gun or big stick, "especially if the dog is running back to you for protection." In one of bear attacks that occurred in Minnesota, a person in the group bashed it over the head with a canoe paddle, he said. He suggested arming yourself with some type of weapon, such as a gun or big stick, "especially if the dog is running back to you for protection." In one of bear attacks that occurred in Minnesota, a person in the group bashed it over the head with a canoe paddle, he said. "That's the only thing you can do," he said. "The normal reaction for the bear would be to leave." Yelling or banging pots and pans may do the trick as well, Garshelis said, while Rogers advised using pepper spray to encourage bears to retreat. "They don't go away mad," Rogers said. "They just go away." M. Lorenz Photography via Getty Images Closeup of a wild Black Bear in Ontario, Canada. An article on the website for Orvis , a retail company that specializes in fishing, hunting and sporting goods, suggests that dog owners "quietly and quickly leave the area" if the bear has not spotted you, but if it has, to "keep your dog close and calm, avoiding sudden movements." Fatal black bear attacks on humans are so rare -- more so than any other species of bear -- that they occur on average of once per year across North America, Garshelis said. In addition, about one black bear out of 1 million will attack a human in a predatory manner, Rogers said. (MORE: California man bitten after kicking mama bear that attacked his dog, police say) The reason why the attacks by black bears seldom occur isn't because the bears stay away from humans, the experts said. In fact, they are often attracted to people's food sources or get used to the presence of humans. However, black bears are typically not aggressive and fear the "repercussions of attacking someone," Garshelis said. "They just don't want to attack people," Garsheilis said. "They're kind of timid animals." M. Lorenz Photography via Getty Images Wild Black Bear Sow in Ontario, Canada Black bears may have developed their apprehensive nature during the ice age, when they faced rivals such as saber-toothed cats, dire wolves in packs, huge American lions and the giant short-faced bear, the primitive species that weighed more than a ton, had powerful jaws and could run fast with it's long legs, Rogers said. "Black bears wouldn't have stood a chance against any of those," he said. "They developed an attitude of run first, ask questions later and stay by trees." (MORE: Bear attacks woman in her front yard, drags her 88 yards, officials say) During more than 50 years of studying bears, the only time Rogers ever got "nipped or slapped" was when he was trying to put a radio collar on a bear without using tranquilizers, which he found would cause them to lose trust and make them harder to observe in the long run, he said. In addition, most bears will run away from a dog that's chasing it, Garshelis said, while Rogers said bears are quite easy to drive away . "I've never found a bear that I couldn't chase," he said.

53314562-2cfb-46eb-aba8-3d0380ca85bb BLACK BEAR DIET Common Dandelion, Red-seeded Dandelion Taraxacum officinale, Taraxacum erythrospermum May Summer The dandelion is an introduced weed that today is widely recognized by all. Settlers who came to North America in the 1600’s brought dandelions to plant and cultivate in their gardens for food and medicine. This widely recognized plant with a yellow flower, blooms from April to September. Black bears eat the leaves and flowers in the month of May.

d5fa6671-3774-4208-8aef-f3a04d595f2d BLACK BEAR DIET Bunchberry Cornus canadensis July, August Summer Bunchberry, also know as creeping dogwood, is a low lying spreading ground cover that grows to 8” tall in forest openings. Most of the time, bears ignore these red berries, but in late summer when other berries are waning, they will pause for good patches of bunchberries and chow down.

df5d0d4b-e17f-46e9-87b0-852a466fab66 BLACK BEAR DIET Round-leaved Dogwood Cornus rugosa Mid-August to late September Summer A perennial shrub, round-leafed dogwood grows best with moderate moisture to somewhat dry, in part shade, sun, upland deciduous and mixed forests, thickets and rocky slopes. The berries start green and turn pale blue or whitish as they mature and are a main food for bears in late summer/early fall.

76367bf0-d1f6-4835-8c2f-2a1b110007b3 < Back Slide 67 of 83 < > When cubs are small, they often fall from trees with flaky bark like red pines, jack pines, and this spruce, and they often fall from trees with smooth bark like birches and aspens.

e7bc504c-56a8-45f8-971e-3e261223d772 ANDEAN BEAR Back General Description: Also known as the spectacled bear for the rings of white or light fur around its eyes, which can look like eyeglasses (or spectacles) against the rest of the bear's black or dark brown fur. Distribution: Andean bears are South America's only bears and live in a variety of mountain habitats. Habitat: Forested areas in the mountains Diet: Fruits and bromeliads are favored foods, but spectacled bears also eat berries, grasses, bulbs, cactus flowers and small animals such as rodents, rabbits and birds. Population: Fewer than 5,000 Length: 5 to 6 feet Height: 2 to 3 feet Weight: Males: up to 340 pounds, Females: up to 180 pounds Geographic Range

September 14, 2022 Bear registrations drop sharply, as anticipated Bumper berry crop has made hunter baits less effective A young bear looks down from a high perch in an aspen tree. FILE PHOTO Posted Wednesday, September 14, 2022 6:31 pm Marshall Helmberger REGIONAL—Fewer bear hunters are reporting success this year as abundant wild food sources appear to have given the advantage to the bears. As of Sept. 13, hunter registrations statewide are down 34 percent over last year. Last year’s harvest, which fell just shy of 3,000 for the season, was boosted by drought conditions that dried up most berry crops that bears rely on as they seek to put on fat reserves for the winter. Hungry bears are more likely to respond to the baits that hunters put out near their stands, so poor conditions give hunters the advantage. This year, a bumper crop of wild fruits, mushrooms, acorns, and other wild foods have made baiting less effective. “Bear foods are definitely the driving factor here,” said Jessica Holmes, Tower area DNR wildlife manager. This year’s abundant wild foods are helping female bears most of all, and that’s likely to aid in the effort to rebuild the region’s bear population. DNR wildlife managers have been trying to rebuild the bear population in the region, which was cut in half a decade ago by several years of high hunting mortality. But the rebound has been slower than expected, as a series of poor food years have left females more vulnerable to hunters. Female bears are typically more cautious about approaching hunters’ baits, but they tend to overcome that reluctance when natural foods are short. Last year, hunters took an even number of males and females. This year, however, males are making up about 62 percent of the registered bears. “This is quite a contrast to last year,” said Holmes. As of Sept. 13, hunters had registered a total of 132 bears in permit area 25, which includes northern St. Louis and the eastern half of Koochiching counties. Of those, 82 were males, while 56 were female. Hunters had registered 157 bears in permit area 31, which runs from Tower and Ely down to the North Shore, including 107 males and 50 females. Given the pace of the hunt, Holmes said she expects the final harvest will come in right around 2,000 bears this season, If so, that would be the lowest harvest since 2018. The bear season runs through Sunday, Oct. 16, although most bears are taken in the first ten days of the season.